Some non-ordinary spiritual experiences cannot be explained on a purely materialistic basis since the materialistic model could only partially explain them. The four main groups of such phenomena are: (I) Mediumship: why do some texts have accurate, verifiable information in controlled and blind studies that exclude fraud or coincidence? (II) Memories of past lives: how could some reports have precise verifiable matches, sometimes even with birthmarks from the previous persona? (III) Near-death experiences: how could a few people remember actual events that occurred in the resuscitation period when brain activity was absent? (IV) End-of-life experiences: how come people with dementia due to irreversible brain damage can experience paradoxical lucidity phenomenon? There are aspects in these phenomena that point to the survival of consciousness after death, coming from rigorous research published in peer-reviewed journals. Therefore, science needs a paradigm shift to accommodate the idea of consciousness as an element independent of the brain.

Background and Aim: Unresolved and dysfunctional marital conflicts are always accompanied by frustration and daily tensions, leading to ignoring the needs of the couples and declining the quality of their marital relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of satisfactory marriage intervention on marital conflicts and marital frustration. Materials and Methods: The present research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married men and women with a spouse of 25 years and older in Zanjan, of which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data were obtained through Sanaei and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire and Kayser’ s Marital Frustration Questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics methods such as mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics by multivariate analysis of covariance and Spss. 22 Software. The Shapiro-Wilkes test was used to test the normality of the covariance analysis test, and the Loon test was used to investigate the homogeneity of the variances. Also, the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0. 05. Results: The results indicated that satisfactory marriage intervention was effective in marital conflicts and marital frustration (p <0. 001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that satisfactory marriage intervention was effective on marital conflicts and marital frustration. Therefore, satisfactory marriage education leads to reducing marital conflicts and marital frustration, which is used to improve the quality of life of couples.

The multiobjective two person matrix game problem with fuzzy payoffs is considered in this paper. It is assumed that fuzzy payoffs are triangular fuzzy numbers. The problem is converted to several multiobjective matrix game problems with interval payoffs by using the a-cuts of fuzzy payoffs. By solving these problems some $alpha$-Pareto optimal strategies with some interval outcomes are obtained. An interactive algorithm is presented to obtain a satisfactory strategy of players. Validity and applicability of the method is illustrated by a practical example.

Introduction. Cyclosporine has a narrow therapeutic serum level in kidney transplantation. Achieving the recommended therapeutic levels is necessary, but in different ethnic groups, the impact of the cyclosporine level on patient and graft survival has not been fully addressed yet. We investigated this issue by studying the 2-hour postdose serum concentration of cyclosporine (C2) and the longterm graft and patient survival in Iranian transplant recipients. Materials and Methods. A total of 397 kidney recipients were evaluated for the C2 serum levels. All patients were under treatment with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine (Neoral). Measurements C2 were considered at different time intervals: the first 2 months, 2 to 6 months, and after 6 months posttransplantation. The mean of C2 levels at specified intervals were evaluated and compared with the recommended optimal ranges. Patient and graft survival rate were also calculated. Results. In the studied patients, C2 levels were lower than the upper recommended range in 96.9%, 83.6% and 64.5% in the first 2 months, between 2 and 6 months, and after 6 months posttransplantation, respectively. The overall 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 95% and 85%, respectively. Conclusions. Despite the fact that the majority of the patients had C2 levels lower than the recommended values, we observed good patient and graft survival rates. Our data suggests that different populations may need different target levels definition.